{"id":11088,"date":"2018-06-30T02:40:40","date_gmt":"2018-06-30T06:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/jss-newsletter\/%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7-%e8%84%82%e8%82%aa%e6%91%82%e5%8f%96%e3%81%af%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7%e3%81%ab%e6%82%aa%e3%81%84%e3%81%ae%e3%81%a7%e3%81%97%e3%82%87%e3%81%86%e3%81%8b%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2021-02-16T09:36:20","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T13:36:20","slug":"health-consuming-fat-bad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/jss-newsletter\/health-consuming-fat-bad\/","title":{"rendered":"HEALTH: Is Consuming Fat Bad for You?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Matthew Yan, PhD Medical Biophysics<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death globally. It is estimated to account for 17.3 million deaths per year<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A generally accepted notion is that to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease you should consume less food that is rich in saturated fatty acids, such as dairy products, red meat, and grain-based desserts.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts from various organizations, including the American Heart Association, European Food Safety Authority, Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Health Organization, have recommended that you lower your daily intake of saturated fatty acids to10% or less<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of us accept this recommendation from the experts without question, but is there in fact evidence to support this recommendation?<\/span><br \/>\n<b>The truth may shock you<\/b><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently there is no clear evidence from human population-based studies that reducing your consumption of fatty acid will lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, that there never has been<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">! \u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even in the 1970s and 80s when the dietary guidelines on reducing total fat and saturated fatty acid intake were first issued in the USA and UK, data from population-based studies did not support this recommendation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><br \/>\n<b>What should you eat?<\/b><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current thought on reducing cardiovascular disease risk is that you should:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce intake of saturated fatty acid-rich food <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Favour food rich in unsaturated fatty acids, especially the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03c9<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (<\/span><b>EPA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and docosahexaenoic acid (<\/span><b>DHA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EPA and DHA are shown to be beneficial to cardiovascular health. They are enriched in seafood, such as fatty fish<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EPA and DHA are shown to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lower blood pressure <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevent abnormal heartbeat and blood clot formation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discourage atherosclerotic plaque formation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Combat inflammation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The secret recipe<\/b><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, we still do not know what is the healthiest overall mixture of different classes of dietary fatty acids<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For instance, dairy products, which are rich in saturated fatty acids, are found to have neutral or positive effects on human cardiovascular health according to population-based studies<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, however, we still do not understand the mechanism behind the effect<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Future research will answer these questions and inform us of how we can better maintain our cardiovascular health through our diet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About the Author<\/b><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5383 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/jss.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/LinkedIn-Pic_edited-1-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"Matthew Yan, PhD\" width=\"210\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jss.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/LinkedIn-Pic_edited-1-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/jss.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/LinkedIn-Pic_edited-1-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/jss.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/LinkedIn-Pic_edited-1-45x45.jpeg 45w, https:\/\/jss.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/LinkedIn-Pic_edited-1.jpeg 339w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><br \/>\n<b>Matthew Yan, PhD Medical Biophysics<\/b><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I am an aspiring medical writer, who recently received his PhD from the Department of Medical Biophysics at the University of Toronto. While my research expertise was in vascular and molecular biology, I have an interest in all facets of research relating to human health and disease. In my spare time, I enjoy going on jogs, practicing martial arts, and singing karaoke!\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have a medical question you would like me to explore in a future article please email info@jss.ca<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>References<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fattore E, Massa E. Dietary fats and cardiovascular health: a summary of the scientific evidence and current debate. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09637486.2018.1455813<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2018:1\u201312.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sacks FM, Lichtenstein AH, Wu JHY, Appel LJ, Creager MA, Kris-Etherton PM, Miller M, Rimm EB, Rudel LL, Robinson JG, Stone NJ, Van Horn L V. Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circulation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017;136(3):e1\u2013e23.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blackburn H. 20th-century \u201cmedical Marco Polos\u201d in the origins of preventive cardiology and cardiovascular disease epidemiology. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Journal of Cardiology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2012;109(5):756\u2013767.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ruiz-N\u00fa\u00f1ez B, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Muskiet FAJ. The relation of saturated fatty acids with low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016;36:1\u201320.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ghosh A, Gao L, Thakur A, Siu PM, Lai CWK. Role of free fatty acids in endothelial dysfunction. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Biomedical Science<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017;24(1):1\u201315.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rogero M, Calder P. Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutrients<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2018;10(4):432.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">F.A. Muskiet. Pathophysiology and evolutionary aspects of dietary fats and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids across the life cycle. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fat Detection. Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2010:19\u201379.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Mitra B, Zabetakis I. Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Really Need to Be Concerned? <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foods<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2018;7(3):29.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Matthew Yan, PhD Medical Biophysics Cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death globally. It is estimated to account for 17.3 million deaths per year. A generally accepted notion is that to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease you should consume less food that is rich in saturated fatty acids, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[272,244],"tags":[312],"class_list":["post-11088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jss-newsletter-vol-6-no-2-jul-2018-en","category-jss-newsletter","tag-health-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11088"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11088\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jss.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}